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Sports Science & Physical Education(Track Cycling World Championship 2009 - Malaysian Next star)

sports science & Physical Education:Face Validity

Sports science & Physical  Education- A test has face validity if it appears to measure the ability in question.Some measurement specialist do not like the term face validity.The term logical validity is often used when a test obviously involves the skill or ability that is being evaluated.A test that call for a student to walk along a narrow board or beam is obviously a test of dynamic balance.A test requires a subject to run rapidly in and round closely spaced obstacles can be considered to have face validity as an agility test and so on.While face validity does not lend itself to any type of statistical treatment, it is an important concept that unfortunately is often overlooked by tester in search of highly measures.A tester should always be cognizant of face validity, since it is of paramount importance from the students point of view.More will be said about face validity as well as the other functional criteria for judging the worth of a test

sports science & Physical Education:Test Validity

Validity refers to the degree to which a test measures what it was designed to measure. To the beginner in the field of test and measurements, this concept may seem so basic that it scarcely deserves mention. Nevertheless, many test are found to be rather weak in this most basic consideration.Probably every student has had the unnerving experience of being given a test that seems to pertain to some course other than the one in which her or he is enrolled.In such cases the test fails in content validity by not being related to the material that has been covered in the course. Another example of poor test validity is the case of student who can beat everyone in the class,say in tennis,but whose grade is lowered because hi does poorly on one skill test(say,catching the ball off the wall). In this instance the teacher,in his or her zeal to employ objective measurement,has overlook their main function to supplement other means of evaluation.In addition to the teacher's misuse of the test,the test itself did not represent an accurate measure of ability to play tennis.We should hasten to say that,in many cases,volleying tests demonstrate high validity.The point we are attempting to make with this example is that the tests constituted a somewhat artificial setting and it touched on only a small facet of the game.For a test to be valid, a critical analysis must be made as to the nature of the activity it is to measure and the skills and special ability that are involved.Since testing has different purposes and since validity refers to the degree to which a test achieves its purpose,it follow that there are different types of validity.I will briefly describe four kinds of validity and ways by which validity may be established in my next issue.

sports science & Physical Education: Perbezaan Antara Sains sukan dan Pendidikan Jasmani

Sport Science
Sport Science is a discipline that studies the application of scientific principle and techniques with the aim of improving sporting performance. Human movement is a related scientific discipline that studies human movement in all contexts including that of sport. The study of sports science traditionally incorporates areas of physiology, psychology, motor control and but also includes other topics such as nutrition and diet sports technology , anthropometry, kinanthropometry and performance analysis. Sports scientists and performance consultants are growing in demand and employment numbers, with the ever-increasing focus within the sporting world on achieving the best results possible. Through the study of science and sport, researchers have developed a greater understanding on how the human body reacts to exercise, training, different environments and many other stimuli. Higher-education degrees in sports science or human physiology are also becoming increasingly popular with many universities now offering both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in the discipline. Opportunities for graduates in these fields include employment as a physical education, teacher, dietician or nutritionist, , performance analyst, sports coach, sports therapist, fitness center manager, sports administrator, strength and conditioning specialist or retail manager of a sports store. Graduates may also be well positioned to undertake further training to become an accredited physiotherapist, exercise physiologist or clinical exercise consultant. There are many noted institutions in Malaysia which run course in sport and exercise sciences. The most distinguished are located at UPSI, UKM, OUM, and UITM

Physical Education
Organized instruction in motor activities that contribute to the physical growth, health, and body image of the individual. The historical roots of physical education go back as far as the ancient Chinese (c.2500 B.C.), who had a well-developed system of exercise and physical training. In ancient Greece the Athenians were concerned with both physical and mental development and consequently they accorded gymnastic , sports, and rhythms an important educational role. During the period of the Roman Empire, and later during the Middle Ages, physical education was primarily used as a form of military training.
Interest in physical education as a part of the total individual's development was revived during the Renaissance. It was not until the 19th cent., however, that systems of gymnastics were developed in several European countries, notably Germany, Sweden, and England. In the same century gymnastics spread to the United States. Interest in the new system led to a movement to have compulsory physical training in American public schools and to establish physical education in colleges and universities. The first department of physical education at an American college was established at Amherst (1860).
Today, physical education is a required part of most school curricula, and a number of colleges and universities offer degrees in the field. Physical education classes generally include formal exercises, sports, and contests, although an increasing emphasis has been given to such Asian techniques as yoga, karate, and judo. The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (founded 1885) is concerned with improving its fields of education and with increasing the public's knowledge and appreciation of physical education.

sports science & Physical Education: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries

The knee joint provides mobility and stability for your legs during walking and running activities. However, these functions can be compromised if the knee is injured. With the increased popularity of and participation in sports and fitness activities, the number of knee injuries has increased. The severity of these injuries varies from mild strains (injury to a muscle or its tendon, which connects muscle to bone) or sprains (injury to a ligament, which connects two bones) to complete tears of the ligaments and other soft tissue structures of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament is located in the center of the knee and holds the femur and the tibia in place. The anterior cruciate ligament attaches from the back of your femur to the front of your tibia. The anterior cruciate ligament prevents these bones from moving backward and forward or side to side. The anterior cruciate ligament is made up of two intertwining ligaments working together yet performing different jobs. One ligament keeps the femur and tibia in place when the knee is flexed and the other ligament tightens to hold the bones together when the knee is extended or straightened out. The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most important ligaments to athletes because of its main function, stabilization of the joint while decelerating.

Further Reading

1. Stop Your Knee Pain Now

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2. Cure Your Knee Pain - 

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